![]() ![]() government showed no significant initiative in foreign affairs. Turner, Mahan, and the Roots of Empireĭuring the time of Reconstruction, the U.S. Many Americans felt that it was time for their nation to offer its own brand of international leadership and dominance as an alternative to the land-grabbing empires of Europe. The above advertisement for a theater reenactment of the Spanish-American War (Figure 22.1) shows the American appetite for expansion. Like a muckraker, Turner exposed the problem others found a solution by seeking out new frontiers in the creation of an American empire. But the young historian’s work greatly influenced politicians and thinkers of the day. Later historians would see Turner’s Frontier Thesis as deeply flawed, a gross mischaracterization of the West. How would Americans maintain their unique political culture and innovative spirit in the absence of the frontier? How would the nation expand its economy if it could no longer expand its territory? His conclusion: The frontier-the encounter between European traditions and the native wilderness-had played a fundamental role in shaping American character, but the American frontier no longer existed. He was presenting a conclusion that would alarm all who believed that westward expansion had fostered the nation’s principles of democracy. 12.2014Īs he approached the rostrum to speak before historians gathered in Chicago in 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner appeared nervous. ![]() Figure 22.1 This poster advertises a minstrel show wherein an actor playing Theodore Roosevelt reenacts his leadership of the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War and illustrates the American public’s zeal for tales of American expansionist glory.īy Dr. ![]()
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